Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• annealed WOx films [40]. The results suggest that the relative OV concentration in the WOx films increases from 19 to 25% after vacuum annealing; consequently, a rise in the W5+ component is also observed. In contrast, XPS analysis on a 30 nm as-deposited film (Figure S2a,b in Supporting Information File 1

• crystallinity after vacuum annealing might also play a role in determining the work function [45]. XRD measurements were carried out on the 60 nm thick film to investigate any possible change in the crystallinity due to vacuum annealing. The XRD data (Figure 5) of a 60 nm-thick NS-WOx film reveals an amorphous

• nature of the as-deposited film, which transforms into a polycrystalline monoclinic structure after vacuum annealing. A similar observation is reported in literature where the as-deposited amorphous WOx films transformed into monoclinic structures after annealing at or above 673 K [2][12][46]. It is to

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• of vacuum annealing of the Si NPs at 900 °C and subsequent HF etching followed by annealing with red phosphorus at 670 °C was carried out. The successful synthesis of cubic Si3P4 under these conditions confirmed that the external amorphous silicon was not the defining factor in the formation of the

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• pattern of the vacuum-annealed sample matched orthorhombic Sb2S3 (ICDD PDF 01-075-4012). The Raman spectrum of the as-deposited Sb2S3 layer contains two broad bands (Figure 1e), which are characteristic of amorphous Sb2S3 [28][46]. After vacuum annealing, characteristic narrower bands of Sb2S3 are

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• pyrolysis in air by tuning of the deposition temperature, the Sb/S precursor molar ratio in the spray solution, and the post-deposition treatment temperature. Keywords: antimony sulfide; thin films; ultrasonic spray; vacuum annealing; Volmer–Weber growth; Introduction Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is an

• /S 1:3 Sb2S3 layers, as the crystallite size increases after vacuum annealing at 170 °C from 19 ± 8 nm to 100 ± 23 nm by raising TD from 200 to 220 °C. The crystallite size in Sb/S 1:6 Sb2S3 layers (42 ± 15 nm) does not change significantly with TD or vacuum treatment. Furthermore, vacuum treatment

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• bandgap values were shown to increase with the vacuum annealing treatment temperature (from 3.41 eV at 300 °C to 3.60 eV at 600 °C), where the amorphous to crystalline conversion was observed only at 600 °C, accompanied by an almost complete fluorine loss [33]. Results and Discussion Structural properties

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• attracted attention for batteries and supercapacitors, as active materials and/or dispersible conductive additives [12][13]. Usually C-onions are obtained by using sophisticated technologies, such as vacuum annealing of nano-diamond precursors [14][15], nano-diamond annealing in inert gases [16], arc

Hydration of magnesia cubes: a helium ion microscopy study

• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Johannes Schneider,
• Gilles R. Bourret and
• Oliver Diwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 302–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.28

• these oxides are in physical contact with a solid substrate such as the ones used for immobilization to perform electron or ion microscopy imaging. We used helium ion microscopy (HIM) and investigated morphological changes of vapor-phase-grown MgO cubes after vacuum annealing and pressing into foils of

• stability of MgO cubes that were chemically activated by vacuum annealing prior to the microscopy experiment. There is growing awareness in the scientific community [24] that a variety of inconsistencies in nanomaterials properties reported in the literature originate from differing synthesis, processing

Focused particle beam-induced processing

• Michael Huth and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1883–1885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.191

• on platinum [4]. The postprocessing of copper-based FEBID structures by vacuum annealing is presented by Aleksandra Szkudlarek and collaborators [5]. Additionally, high electric current densities can be used to induce structural changes in suspended nanowires, as is shown for cobalt deposits in the

Formation of pure Cu nanocrystals upon post-growth annealing of Cu–C material obtained from focused electron beam induced deposition: comparison of different methods

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Alfredo Rodrigues Vaz,
• Yucheng Zhang,
• Andrzej Rudkowski,
• Czesław Kapusta,
• Rolf Erni,
• Stanislav Moshkalev and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1508–1517, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.156

• gold electrodes. Periodic 3D FEBID line deposits from (hfac)Cu(DMB) between gold electrodes on SiO2/Si. SEM tilt images: a) before annealing, b) after in situ vacuum annealing, c) zoom on Cu nanocrystals, d) tip deposit showing also Cu nanocrystal formation. In situ TEM annealing for 10 min at 220 °C

Advances in NO₂ sensing with individual single-walled carbon nanotube transistors

• Kiran Chikkadi,
• Matthias Muoth,
• Cosmin Roman,
• Miroslav Haluska and
• Christofer Hierold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2179–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.227

• appears to be substantial when present in combination with a hydrophilic substrate. Other investigations [9][60] showed that even with vacuum annealing and passivation with Al2O3, although the hysteresis decreases, it does not completely disappear. This suggests other mechanisms at play, such as charge

• suggested previously, such as exposure to HMDS or other hydrophobic coatings, as well as vacuum annealing are known to reduce hysteresis. Alternatively, Lin et al. [63] showed that by performing gate sweeps in the form of short pulses instead of quasi-static sweeps, hysteresis could be reduced. By pulsing

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• communication with the underlying substrate, and therefore largely affect the electrical properties of such structures [24]. Passivation of deep levels caused by the interface is necessary before NC-based optoelectronic devices can become reality. Vacuum annealing, which is used for NC crystallization, is known

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

Catalytic activity of nanostructured Au: Scale effects versus bimetallic/bifunctional effects in low-temperature CO oxidation on nanoporous Au

• Lu-Cun Wang,
• Yi Zhong,
• Haijun Jin,
• Daniel Widmann,
• Jörg Weissmüller and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 111–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.13

• fresh sample exhibits a single sharp desorption peak with a maximum at 275 °C, equal to that on the NPG(Ag)-4 catalyst (see Figure 7a). Vacuum-annealing-induced reduction of fully oxidized copper films (2 nm thick, grown by physical vapor deposition) has shown that CuO started to form Cu2O at around 200